Hollow fiber membranes provide a compelling solution for water treatment applications due to their unique physical characteristics and exceptional capability. These cylindrical structures, composed of ceramic materials, possess a large surface area to volume ratio, enabling efficient purification of contaminants from water. The asymmetrical nature

Membrane Aerated Bioreactors (MABRs) provide a sustainable alternative for the complexities in modern wastewater treatment. MABR technology utilize aerobic digestion to effectively remove pollutants from wastewater, resulting in a more efficient effluent discharge. In addition to these advantages, they are more energy-efficient compared to traditi